Installing TensorFlow on Ubuntu 20.04

TensorFlow is an open-source software library used for machine learning and to train deep neural networks. Google developed TensorFlow for both research and production use, but it is now released under the Apache license. It is available for many operating systems, including the most common Linux distributions. For learning purposes, it is best to install TensorFlow in a Python virtual environment. TensorFlow is considered a good choice for those who are new to machine learning.

This guide describes how to install TensorFlow on Ubuntu 20.04, which is fully supported by TensorFlow. However, most Linux distributions follow a similar process.

Before You Begin

1. Familiarize yourself with our Getting Started with Linode guide and complete the steps for setting your Linode’s hostname and timezone.

2. This guide uses sudo wherever possible. Complete the sections of our How to Secure Your Server guide to create a standard user account, harden SSH access and remove unnecessary network services. Do not follow the Configure a Firewall section yet–this guide includes firewall rules specifically for an OpenVPN server.

3. Update your system:

    sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get upgrade
   

Note

This guide is written for a non-root user. Commands that require elevated privileges are prefixed with sudo. If you’re not familiar with the sudo command, see the Linux Users and Groups guide.

Advantages of TensorFlow

1. TensorFlow offers different levels of abstraction and complexity for different types of tasks, along with APIs which make it easier to get started.

2. It is well suited for production as well as research and experimentation.

3. TensorFlow offers high-end computational graph visualization capabilities along with library management and debugging tools.

4. It is stable, scalable, and offers top-notch performance with excellent community support.

System Requirements

• A robust and stable hosting environment with at least 4GB of memory, such as a Linode 4GB plan.

• If you are using Ubuntu, TensorFlow requires version 16.04 or later.

Prerequisites

Before you install TensorFlow, you need to install the following:

1. Python 3.8 or higher, and its required libraries
2. Python virtual environment - to run TensorFlow inside a virtual environment
3. Latest version of pip (version 19 or higher)

The following section explains how to install Python (if you have not already installed it), Python virtual environment, and the latest version of pip.

Check Python and its Required Libraries

Check your system’s current version of Python.

python3 --version

Python 3.8.5

Install pip if it is not already installed.

sudo apt install python3-pip

Install Python Virtual Environment

1. If you already have Python installed, upgrade apt, and install the Python virtual environment and its required packages.

    sudo apt update
    sudo apt install python3-dev python3-pip python3-venv
   

2. Confirm the version of both Python and pip.

    python3 --version
    pip3 --version
   

   Ubuntu returns the version for each module.

   Python 3.8.5
   pip 20.0.2 from /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/pip (python 3.8)

Create Python Virtual Environment

Setting up a virtual Python environment creates an isolated environment for your TensorFlow projects. Within this virtual environment, you can have an independent set of packages. This guarantees your TensorFlow projects cannot adversely affect your other Python projects.

1. Create a new directory for your TensorFlow development projects.

    mkdir ~/tensorflow-dev
    cd ~/tensorflow-dev
   

2. Create the virtual environment using the following command:

    python3 -m venv --system-site-packages ./venv
   

   The above command creates a directory named venv which contains the supporting Python files. You can choose any name for the virtual environment in place of ./venv.

3. Activate your virtual environment by running the activate script.

    source ./venv/bin/activate
   

   Note

   This source command works for the sh, bash, and zsh shells. If you are using a csh or tcsh shell, activate the virtual environment with source ./venv/bin/activate.csh. You can determine the name of the shell you are running with the command echo $0.

4. After activating your virtual environment, your shell prompt is prefaced with (venv) (or whatever name you selected for the virtual environment directory).

   (venv) example-user@example-hostname:~/tensorflow-dev$

5. TensorFlow installation requires pip version 19 or higher. So within the virtual environment, upgrade the pip package using the following command:

    pip install --upgrade pip
   

   Your output confirms the pip upgrade.

   Successfully installed pip-21.0.1

   Note

   You can exit the virtual environment at any time with the deactivate command. You can use the source command to reactivate it again later. We recommend remaining inside the virtual environment while you are using TensorFlow.

Install TensorFlow

1. Within the virtual environment, install TensorFlow using pip. The following command fetches the latest stable version along with all package dependencies.

    pip install --upgrade tensorflow
   

2. List the Python packages with the following command and confirm tensorflow is present.

    pip list | grep tensorflow
   

   The tensorflow module should be listed.

   tensorflow             2.4.1

   Note

   You can follow the below steps to install TensorFlow without using virtual environment, but it is NOT recommended.

   • Upgrade the Python-specific pip module with python -m pip install --upgrade pip

   • Install TensorFlow using pip3 install --user --upgrade tensorflow.

   Be very careful not to upgrade your system’s version of pip, because this is likely to cause unwanted side effects.

Test Your TensorFlow Installation

1. If you have followed all the above steps and installed TensorFlow, it is fairly easy to verify the TensorFlow installation. Use the following command to print the TensorFlow version:

    python -c 'import tensorflow as tf; print(tf.__version__)'
   

   2021-04-30 10:34:32.450931: W tensorflow/stream_executor/platform/default/dso_loader.cc:60] Could not load dynamic library 'libcudart.so.11.0'; dlerror: libcudart.so.11.0: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory
   2021-04-30 10:34:32.450973: I tensorflow/stream_executor/cuda/cudart_stub.cc:29] Ignore above cudart dlerror if you do not have a GPU set up on your machine.
   2.4.1

   Note

   If your Linode is not running a GPU, you might receive a warning that libcudart or a similar GPU library could not be loaded. This message is expected when running a CPU powered Linode. In this case, you should expect to see an info message advising you to ignore the message in a non-GPU environment.

2. To disable the warnings or error messages, you can use the os.environ variable to lower the level of log warnings that you receive. The example below prints the TensorFlow version without any warnings.

    python -c 'import os; os.environ["TF_CPP_MIN_LOG_LEVEL"]="3"; import tensorflow as tf; print(tf.__version__)'
   

   2.4.1

   Note

   You can use different log levels in place of ‘3’ as shown below:

   0 = all messages are logged (default behavior)

   1 = INFO messages are not printed

   2 = INFO and WARNING messages are not printed

   3 = INFO, WARNING, and ERROR messages are not printed

3. To deactivate the virtual environment and switch back to the original non-virtual shell, run the following command:

    deactivate
   

   Note

   You can always run source ./venv/bin/activate to enter into the virtual environment again.

For Further Reference

Machine learning is a complicated discipline, and TensorFlow is a large and complex application. To help you get started, TensorFlow provides several additional resources:

• TensorFlow tutorials for beginners and experts
• Essential TensorFlow documentation
• List of TensorFlow modules & functions
• An Introduction to machine learning
• Tools to support your TensorFlow workflows
• TensorFlow community which suggests you on how you can participate and contribute.

We recommend you go through the extensive TensorFlow site as you work through your projects.

More Information

You may wish to consult the following resources for additional information on this topic. While these are provided in the hope that they will be useful, please note that we cannot vouch for the accuracy or timeliness of externally hosted materials.

• TensorFlow site
• deep neural networks
• TensorFlow tutorials for beginners and experts
• Essential TensorFlow documentation
• TensorFlow modules & functions
• machine learning
• Tools
• TensorFlow community